Complement adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang melengkapi
makna dari subject, verb, atau object. Dengan demikian,
ada tiga macam complement, yaitu: subject, verb, dan object
complement.
Subject complement adalah noun, pronoun, adjective, atau konstruksi
lain (berperan sebagai noun atau adjective) yang mengikuti verbs
of being atau linking verb serta
berfungsi menerangkan atau merujuk subjek kalimat.
Subject complement terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu: predicate adjective (subjek dihubungkan dengan
adjective), predicate noun (subjek dihubungkan dengan noun),
dan predicate pronoun (subjek dihubungkan dengan pronoun).
Contoh
Subject Complement [SC= bold, linking verb= italic]
|
Contoh
Kalimat Subject Complement
|
Keterangan
|
|
Mr. Mamat was a great headmaster.
(Mr. Mamat adalah kepala sekolah yang hebat.) |
headmaster (predicate
noun)= menerangkan subjek (Mr. Mamat);
a, great= modifier yang menerangkan headmaster; a great headmaster= noun phrase |
|
That lady is very beautiful.
(Wanita itu sangat cantik.) |
beautiful (predicate
adjective)= menerangkan subjek (lady);
very = modifier yang menerangkan beautiful; that lady= noun phrase |
|
These are yours.
(Ini milikmu.) |
yours
(predicate pronoun)= menerangkan subjek (this);
these= demonstrative pronoun |
|
The noodle tasted delicious.
(Mie tsb terasa lezat.) |
delicious
(predicate adjective)= menerangkan subjek (noodle);
the noodle= noun phrase |
|
My favorite activities are shopping
and traveling.
(Aktivitas favoritku adalah belanja dan jalan-jalan.) |
shopping,
traveling (gerund)= menerangkan
subjek (activity);
my favorite activity= noun phrase |
|
His dream is to win a cooking contest.
(Impiannya adalah menang kontes masak.) |
to win a cooking contest (infinitive)= menerangkan
subjek (dream);
his dream= noun phrase |
Verb complement adalah direct object (DO) atau indirect
object (IO) dari suatu action verb. Objek-objek
tersebut dapat berupa noun, pronoun, atau konstruksi lain yang
berakting seperti noun, seperti: gerund, infinitive, dan noun clause.
Contoh
Verb Complement [DO= bold; IO= italic]:
|
Contoh
Kalimat Verb Complement
|
Direct
Object
|
Indirect
Object
|
|
My boss paid me two thousand dollars.
(Bosku membayarku dua ribu dollar.) |
noun phrase
|
pronoun
|
|
I love swimming.
(Aku suka berenang.) |
gerund
|
–
|
|
She wanted to go.
(Dia ingin pergi.) |
infinitive
|
–
|
|
He discovered that creating a website is quite
easy.
(Dia mendapati bahwa membuat sebuah website cukup mudah.) |
noun clause
|
–
|
Verbs as Complements
How to use Verbs as Complements
1) This construction is used with the verbs listed below:
|
VERB+
|
GERUND (VERB-ING)
|
|
admit
|
delay
|
miss
|
regret
|
risk
|
|
appreciate
|
deny
|
postpone
|
report
|
suggest
|
|
avoid
|
enjoy
|
practice
|
resent
|
|
|
can’t help
|
finish
|
quit
|
resist
|
|
|
consider
|
mind
|
recall
|
resume
|
The sentence construction would be as
follows:
|
SUBJECT+
|
VERB+
|
GERUND+
|
COMPLEMENT+
|
MODIFIER
|
Examples:
I enjoy studying English at the CBA.
He considered traveling to Europe for the
summer, but he doesn’t have enough funds.
2) This construction is used with the verbs listed below:
|
VERB+
|
INFINITIVE
(TO VERB)
|
|
agree
|
expect
|
intend
|
prepare
|
try
|
|
attempt
|
fail
|
learn
|
pretend
|
want
|
|
claim
|
forget
|
mean
|
propose
|
wish
|
|
decide
|
have
|
need
|
refuse
|
|
|
demand
|
hesitate
|
offer
|
seem
|
|
|
desire
|
hope
|
plan
|
tend
|
Examples:
I decided to refuse the invitation.
He pretended to be someone else.
She forgot to bring her keys.
3) With the following Verbs the Sentence doesn’t change meaning if you use the gerund (ing) or the infinitive
|
begin
|
continue
|
|
like
|
prefer
|
|
can’t stand
|
start
|
|
love
|
hate
|
|
VERB+
|
GERUND (VERB-ING)
|
or
|
VERB+
|
INFINITIVE (TO
VERB)
|
4) With the following Verbs the Sentence has Different Meaning
Stop
Remember
Forget
|
VERB+
|
GERUND (VERB-ING) –
Means forever
|
Example:
She stopped
studying Engineering when she got pregnant.
Meaning she won’t study Engineering any more.
She stopped studying forever.
or
|
VERB+
|
INFINITIVE (TO
VERB)
|
Example:
She stopped to study English when I
called her.
Meaning that she will continue to study after
her break.
5) Use of prepositions with the -Ing Form
|
VERB+
|
PREPOSITION+
|
VERB-ING
|
List of Prepositions that use this
construction:
|
as a result of
|
from
|
in view of
|
thanks to
|
|
at
|
in
|
of
|
through
|
|
because of
|
in exchange for
|
on account of
|
with
|
|
by means of
|
in return for
|
on the strength of
|
without
|
|
by virtue of
|
in spite of
|
out of
|
|
|
for fear of
|
in the face of
|
owing to
|
|
|
for lack of
|
in the light of
|
|
|
|
for want of
|
EXCEPTION: But, except.
Example:
He hid the wallet, for fear of being
stolen.
She was really famous, as a result of
acting as Mary in the Jesus Christ film.
Courage in
the Face of Eviction Nightmare
6) Use of Adjectives with the infinitive form
|
ADJECTIVES +
|
INFINITIVE
|
Construction:
|
VERB+
|
ADJECTIVE+
|
TO VERB
|
List
of adjectives that use this construction:
|
able
|
dangerous
|
good
|
ready
|
|
anxious
|
difficult
|
hard
|
strange
|
|
boring
|
eager
|
pleased
|
usual
|
|
common
|
easy
|
prepared
|
|
Examples:
I’m pleased to meet you
It’s difficult to understand some people.
I’m prepared to take this test.
Rafael is eager to meet you.
7) Use a Pronoun before the Infinitive form
Certain verbs require the following
construction:
|
SUBJECT+
|
VERB+
|
PRONOUN+
|
TO VERB
|
|
Allow
Ask
Beg
|
Convince
Expect
Instruct
|
Invite Order
Permit
|
PersuadePrepare
Promise
|
RemindUrge
Want
|
The pronouns to be used are
object pronouns: ME, YOU, HIM, HER, IT, US, YOU, THEM.
Example:
He orders her to study for the test.
My mother promised me to take me to the mall.
Rahima convinced him to purchase an expensive
purse.
8) Use the -ing (gerung) form of a verb after the possessive form.
|
SUBJECT+
|
VERB+
|
POSSESSIVE FORM+
|
VERB-ING
|
Possessive form: MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS,
ITS, YOURS, OURS, THEM, MY, YOU , HIS HER, ITS, YOURS, THEIR.
Example:
I understand her feeling.
9) Use of the verb need with different nouns (living and things)
With living things use need and the
infinitive form of the verb.
|
LIVING THING+
|
NEED+
|
INFINITIVE
|
George needs to work out more often.
|
THING+
|
NEED+
|
GERUND (ING)TO BE+
PAST PARTICIPLE
|
The blender needs to be repaired.
The blanket needs to be cleaned.
10) Use of subjunctives
|
SUBJECT+
|
VERB+
|
THAT+
|
SUBJECT+
|
VERB WORD +
|
….+
|
Joe prefers that she speak with him
personally.
VERBS WITH THAT:
|
AdviceAsk
Command
Decree
|
DemandDesire
Insist
|
MoveOrder
Prefer
|
RecommendRequest
Require
|
StipulateSuggest
Urge
|
NOUNS WITH THAT:
Recommendation
Requirement
Suggestion
ADJECTIVES WITH THAT
|
IT+
|
BE+
|
ADJECTIVE+
|
THAT+
|
SUBJECT+
|
VERB WORD
|
|
AdvisedImperative
Important
|
MandatoryNecessary
Obligatory
|
ProposedRecommended
Require
|
SuggestedUrgent
|
Latihan soal :
1. George was
anxious to begin the project
2. Monica was
glad to discover she had passed the exam
3. The children
were hesitant to enter the haunted house
4. Betty’s
parents were relieved to learn that she wasn’t hurt in the accident
5. I am willing
to help with feeding the poor on the weekends
Refrensi :
